There are many ancient books and text scripts which give knowledge about religions, rituals, etc. They give an idea about the beliefs and cultural values of religion of the religion. They are often preserved so that the beliefs can be transferred to future generations as well. Two of such text scripts are Vedas and Upanishads which give much knowledge about Hinduism.
Vedas vs Upanishads
The main difference between Vedas and Upanishads is that the Vedas were written to preserve the information about the religious practices, traditions, and philosophical thoughts whereas, Upanishads are written philosophical thoughts of men and women that focus mainly on the enlightenment of spirits.
Also, the Vedas was composed during the period of 1200 to 400 B.C.E. whereas, the Upanishads was written from 700 to 400 B.C.E.
Comparison Table Between Vedas and Upanishads
Parameter of Comparison | Vedas | Upanishads |
Composition Period | Vedas were composed during the period of 1200 to 400 B.C.E. | Upanishads were written over the time period of 700 to 400 B.C.E. |
Main Focus | The main focus of Vedas are rituals, traditions, and uses. | The main focus of the Upanishads is Spiritual Enlightenment. |
Meaning of name | Vedas means knowledge in Sanskrit. | Upanishads means sitting near the feet of the teacher. |
Types | There are 4 Vedas namely: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda. | There are 14 popular Upanishads: Katha, Kena, Isa, Mundaka, Prasna, Taittiriya, Chhandogya, Brihadaranyaka, Mandukya, Aitareya, Kaushitaki, Svetasvatara and Maitrayani. |
General | The Vedas are different from each other in the physical form. | The Upanishads are a subcategory of Veda and are present in the last section of Veda. |
What are the Vedas?
The Vedas are text scripts that give knowledge about Hinduism. The word “Veda” is derived from a Sanskrit word which means knowledge. Vedas gives fundamental knowledge about the cause of existence and one’s response to existence.
Vedas are considered one of the oldest works in the world. They are often referred to as scripture as they contain holy writings about the nature of the Divine. It is quite different from the scriptures of other religions as it doesn’t focus on the thought of a specific person at a specific time. In fact, it always existed and got apprehended by sages at some point.
The Vedas firstly existed in oral form and were passed down to the students by their masters for generations. The students were expected to memorize the words properly with exact pronunciation so that it can be passed on without any error. Later, they started to write these down and thus Vedas are found in the written form now.
There is a period in which the Vedas were committed to writing, this period is known as the Vedic Period and it was from 1500 to 500 B.C.E.
The Vedas are divided into 4 types:
What are Upanishads?
The Upanishads are the philosophical religious texts about Hinduism. The name Upanishads means “ sit down closely” which indicates that the student must listen to the teacher attentively. The main basis of the text of the Upanishads is Spiritual Enlightenment.
The Upanishads take care of the ritual observance and an individual’s place in the universe and during this process, one develops the fundamental concepts of the supreme over the soul, God which is known as Brahman, and the Atman, whose goal is to unite with Brahman.
There are 18-200 Upanishads, but the most known ones which contribute to the four Vedas are:
The origin and composition date of many Upanishads are unknown. In general, it is dated from 800- 500 B.C.E. for the first six that is, Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, Chandogya Upanishad, Taittiriya Upanishad, Aitereya Upanishad, Kausitaki Upanishad, and Kena Upanishad. Later dates are for the last seven Upanishads. Some of them are related to a given sage while others are anonymous.
Main Differences Between Vedas and Upanishads
Conclusion
The Vedas are text scripts that give knowledge about Hinduism. The word “Veda” is derived from a Sanskrit word which means knowledge. Vedas gives fundamental knowledge about the cause of existence and one’s response to existence.
The Upanishads are the philosophical religious texts about Hinduism. The name Upanishads means “ sit down closely” which indicates that the student must listen to the teacher attentively.
References
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