Forecasting, is basically a prediction or projection about a future event, depending on the past and present performance and trend. Conversely, planning, as the name signifies, is the process of drafting plans for what should be done in future, and that too is based on the present performance plus expectations.

Planning and forecasting are two important managerial functions that are relevant for other functions. Basically, forecasting talks about what could practically happen, depending on the company’s performance in the past and at present. On the contrary, planning implies thinking before acting, i.e. deciding today, what is to be done tomorrow. This article makes an attempt to clear the differences between forecasting and planning.

Content: Forecasting Vs Planning

Comparison Chart

Definition of Forecasting

Forecasting is used to mean the analysis and elucidation of a future state, concerning the operations of the undertaking. It is a process that takes into account past and present information and facts to anticipate future events. Simply put, forecasting refers to looking forward and predetermine future trends and events, along with their impact on the business organization.

Forecasting is performed by managers working at various levels, however, sometimes experts like analysts, economists and statisticians are employed by the firm for making forecasts. There are two methods of forecasting:

• Quantitative Forecasting Method
• Time Series Analysis
• Extrapolation
• Econometric Analysis
• Regression Analysis
• Qualitative Forecasting Method
• Delphi Method
• Consumer Surveys
• Executive Opinion

There is no forecasting technique, that can predict the future course of events with 100% accuracy, i.e. some amount of guess is always present in it, and so, the error might occur.

Definition of Planning

Planning may be defined as a basic managerial activity, that decides beforehand, what, how and when something is to be done. It refers to designing a future course of action, which focuses on reaching desired ends for the undertaking. It is a goal-oriented, intellectual, and all-pervasive activity.

Planning links the firm with its future environment, as it bridges the gap between present and future. It implies:

• Ascertaining future action and
• Making provisions to achieve the same.

Planning is a process in which pertinent information and facts are gathered and analyzed, to make assumptions and premises for future. Considering these assumptions and premises, a plan of action is formulated, for achieving the goal of the organization.

In short, planning refers to looking ahead and taking a peep into future, so as to highlight approximate events, with a little bit of discreteness. The process helps firms to match their resources, with the objectives and opportunities.

Key Differences Between Forecasting and Planning

The main points of difference between forecasting and planning are depicted below:

Example

On the basis of past and present performance of the firm, revenue can be estimated as:

So, the forecast for the next financial year is Rs. 3 crores which is nothing but an estimate, that the company might achieve. On the other hand, the company plans to achieve Rs. 3.50 crores, in the next financial year, that is based on forecast and aspirations.

Conclusion

Planning and Forecasting, both require abilities like reflective thinking, farsightedness, decision making, experience, and imagination, on the part of managers, in order to perform the difficult task effectively and efficiently. Forecasting has a great role to play in the process of planning as the planning premises rely on forecasts.

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